The NIST 800-171 is a security framework published by the National Institute for Standards and Technology to standardize how federal agencies define controlled unclassified information (CUI). The purpose of the guidelines is to “ensure that sensitive federal information remains confidential when stored in nonfederal information systems and organizations.”
There are fewer controls to protect CUI when compared to classified information which would make CUI the path of least resistance for adversaries looking to gain control over sensitive data. With other 1 million contracts in the NISP aline with the DFARs Clause 252.204-7012 and 3 million with CUI in the cleared industrial base overall, the loss of CUI poses one of the most significant risks to national security and must be protected.